Electric dipole moment (EDM) required for the relative motion of carbon nanotube (CNT) walls in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) such as actuators and oscillators is studied by functionalization. Pristine (5,0) zigzag carbon nanotube with little inherent electric dipole moment (ì) were deformed by adding three -OH functional groups to its end rims. The properties of eight yielded isomers are studied. The Gibbs free energy calculations demonstrate that the eight structures are more stable than pristine CNT. The induced deformation resulted in charge imbalances which developed large electric dipole moments for each case. The values of dipole moments produced for all cases are calculated. The bandgap energy, conductivity, density of state (DOS) and IR spectra of these structures are also computed and analyzed. The study revealed that the location of the -OH positioning (site selectivity) which gives rise to different degrees of deformation has a significant impact on all of the above parameters, especially the magnitude and direction of the electric dipole moment. The functionalization produced large ì of about 6.9 D for 60 carbon atoms nanotube which is higher than in the previous study. Applying an external electric field to the isomers causes the CNTs with large dipole moments to either get attracted or repelled and hence physical movement or oscillation of the nanotube occurs. The frequency of this oscillation is in gigahertz scale.

Glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-BTC, BTC = 2,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites was developed. The Cu-BTCs were synthesized by two methods, traditional hydrothermal and ultrasonic irradiation methods. It was found that the Cu-BTC that was synthesized by the latter method, with mean crystallite sizes in the nanometers range, showed a higher impact on enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode toward the electro-oxidation of metformin compared to that synthesized with the former method with a larger crystallite size of micrometer-scale. The morphological characteristics of Cu-BTCs and Cu-BTC nanocrystals/CNTs modified GC electrode surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The modified electrode showed excellent response of oxidation current for the determination of metformin. Under optimum conditions, the peak current showed good linearity with concentrations in the range of 0.5 μΜ to 25 μΜ and a detection limit of 0.12 μΜ, as well as good repeatability. The Cu-BTC nanocrystals/CNTs modified GC electrode was applied successfully to determine metformin in pharmaceutical samples with good accuracy.

Composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and conductive polymer with good uniformity were prepared by electropolymerization. Molecular modeling calculations were carried out for electroactive monomer (OAP) polymerization with density functional theory (DFT) level using 6-311G(d,p) basis set for all atoms and Gaussian 03 program package. The reflectance and transmittance amplitudes of the composite were obtained, using the continuity of the tangential components of electrical and magnetic fields at interfaces and solving the algebraic matrix equation. The calculated absorbance spectra as a function of wavelength for MWCNTs dispersed in the conductive polymer are depicted. Band gap of the p-type semiconducting film was obtained from the plot of (αhv)2vs. photon energy.